wiki:TipAndDoc/boot/GRUB

Version 40 (modified by mitty, 12 years ago) (diff)

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Kernel Boot Options

display boot message with GRUB2 (Ubuntu 12.10)

  • 今(2012/10/10)のところ成功していない
  • $ sudo aptitude purge plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text
  • $ sudo update-alternatives --display text.plymouth
    update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for text.plymouth
    
  • /etc/default/grub
    • grub

      old new  
      44#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' 
      55 
      66GRUB_DEFAULT=0 
      7 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 
       7#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 
      88GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true 
      99GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 
      1010GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` 
      11 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash quiet" 
       11GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="" 
      1212GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" 
      1313 
      1414# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs 
    • GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUTのコメントアウトは、GRUBのエントリメニューを表示するため
  • update-grub

reduce grub entry

  • WindowsとLinuxのマルチブート -> Windowsを消してシングルブート化
  1. 元の状態
    • fdisk -lu /dev/sda
      Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
      Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x36ea3e05
      
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
      /dev/sda1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sda2          524352    42467392    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
      /dev/sda3        42467393   234441647    95987127+  83  Linux
      
    • OSのインストールは、Windows 7 -> Ubuntu 10.04の順
    • grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
      Memory test (memtest86+)
      Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
      Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)
      
  2. NTFSパーティションの削除
    • root@Microknoppix:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
      /dev/sdb1               1          33      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sdb2   *          33        2644    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
      /dev/sdb3            2644       14594    95987127+  83  Linux
      
      Command (m for help): d
      Partition number (1-4): 2
      
      Command (m for help): d
      Partition number (1-4): 3
      
      Command (m for help): n
      Command action
         e   extended
         p   primary partition (1-4)
      p
      Partition number (1-4): 2
      First cylinder (33-14593, default 33):
      Using default value 33
      Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (33-14593, default 14593):
      Using default value 14593
      
      Command (m for help): w
      
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
      /dev/sdb1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sdb2          524352   234436544   116956096+  83  Linux
      
  3. backupしておいたdisk imageからLinuxパーティションを書き戻し
    • root@Microknoppix:~# dd if=/media/sda/bb.sda bs=512 skip=42467393 of=/dev/sdb2
      191974255+0 records in
      191974255+0 records out
      98290818560 bytes (98 GB) copied, 3223.76 s, 30.5 MB/s
      
  4. 正常には起動しなくなるため、grubから手動でUbuntuを起動する
  5. grubを修復する
    • sudo grub-install /dev/sda
      Installation finished. No error reported.
      
    • sudo update-grub
      Generating grub.cfg ...
      Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-33-generic
      Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-33-generic
      Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-32-generic
      Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-32-generic
      Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-31-generic
      Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-31-generic
      Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
      done
      
  6. GRUBメニュー修復完了
    • grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
      Memory test (memtest86+)
      Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
      
  7. 適宜、Filesystemの伸張をする
    • df -h /
      Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
      /dev/sda2              93G   33G   56G  37% /
      
    • sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2
      resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
      Filesystem at /dev/sda2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
      old desc_blocks = 6, new_desc_blocks = 7
      Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda2 to 29239024 (4k) blocks.
      The filesystem on /dev/sda2 is now 29239024 blocks long.
      
    • df -h /
      Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
      /dev/sda2             110G   33G   72G  32% /
      

Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ dpkg -S /usr/sbin/grub-install
    grub-pc: /usr/sbin/grub-install
    
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ aptitude show grub-pc
    Version: 1.98-1ubuntu12
    

fdisk, format USB flash memory

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0b19ae9f.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c').
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First sector (62-3932159, default 62):
    Using default value 62
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62-3932159, default 3932159):
    Using default value 3932159
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Selected partition 1
    Hex code (type L to list codes): b
    Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 2013 MB, 2013265920 bytes
    62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 3932160 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x0b19ae9f
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1              62     3932159     1966049    b  W95 FAT32
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    
    WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
    partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
    information.
    Syncing disks.
    
  • format

install GRUB2

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb
    Installation finished. No error reported.
    
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo umount /mnt/

copy iso, image files to USB memory

  • *-businesscard.isoは使えないので注意
  • E:\>tree /f /a
    E:.
    \---boot
        |   memtest.bin
        |   plpbt.bin
        |   fdboot.img
        |   fdos0138.img
        |   memdisk
        |   
        +---grub
        |   |   915resolution.mod
    
    (snip)
    
        |   |   core.img
        |   |   grubenv
        |   |   grub.cfg
        |   |   
        |   \---locale
    
    (snip)
    
        |           
        \---iso
                knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
                12.04-i386.iso
                10.04-i386.iso
                12.04-x86_64.iso
                10.04-x86_64.iso
                debian-squeeze-x86_64.iso
                debian-squeeze-i386.iso
                ubuntu-ja-12.04-desktop-i386.iso
    
    • iso, image files

edit grub.cfg

  • GRUB2 bootmenu

references

knoppix

  • そのままでは正常に起動しない

  • bootfromオプションが必要

  • bootfrom=/*/*/boot/iso/knoppix... としているが、「/*/*」はちょっとアドホックなので、もっとスマートな方法を模索中

FreeDOS

Ubuntu Desktop 日本語 Remix CD

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