wiki:TipAndDoc/boot/GRUB

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Version 40 (modified by mitty, 12 years ago) (diff)
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Kernel Boot Options
1. display boot message with GRUB2 (Ubuntu 12.10)
reduce grub entry
Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory

Grub 2 入門 | rionaoki.net

Kernel Boot Options

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2

via grub1 grub2 USBブートメモリ作成 | 作業日報
- aptosid Manuals - Grub2 GRUB1からとGRUB2に移行するにあったってのGRUB1とGRUB2の主な違い
- Tips: grub2とgrub1の扱い方(様々な再セットアップ方法等) - disklessfun’s Wiki*

Ubuntu日本語フォーラム / 起動時にカーネルメッセージを表示させたい！
- Ubuntu GRUB デフォルトではカーネルメッセージは表示されない
- これを以下のように変更する (quiestを消す)
- カーネルメッセージが表示されるようになる

リカバリーモードを使うには - Ubuntu Japanese Wiki

GRUB 2 の場合 起動時に shift キーを押し続ける。

Winux/Lindows Ubuntu 9.10（Grub2)でスプラッシュに起動過程を表示しようか

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet nosplash" にすればOKでした。
- "nosplash"だけでも可

display boot message with GRUB2 (Ubuntu 12.10)

今(2012/10/10)のところ成功していない

$ sudo aptitude purge plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text

$ sudo update-alternatives --display text.plymouth

update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for text.plymouth

/etc/default/grub

grub

-                      old
+                      new
 #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
 GRUB_DEFAULT=0
 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
+#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
 GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash quiet"
+GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
 # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUTのコメントアウトは、GRUBのエントリメニューを表示するため

update-grub

reduce grub entry

WindowsとLinuxのマルチブート -> Windowsを消してシングルブート化

元の状態

fdisk -lu /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x36ea3e05

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2          524352    42467392    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3        42467393   234441647    95987127+  83  Linux

OSのインストールは、Windows 7 -> Ubuntu 10.04の順

grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2

Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
Memory test (memtest86+)
Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)

NTFSパーティションの削除

root@Microknoppix:~# fdisk /dev/sdb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1          33      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sdb2   *          33        2644    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb3            2644       14594    95987127+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 2

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 3

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (33-14593, default 33):
Using default value 33
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (33-14593, default 14593):
Using default value 14593

Command (m for help): w

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sdb2          524352   234436544   116956096+  83  Linux

backupしておいたdisk imageからLinuxパーティションを書き戻し
- root@Microknoppix:~# dd if=/media/sda/bb.sda bs=512 skip=42467393 of=/dev/sdb2
```
191974255+0 records in
191974255+0 records out
98290818560 bytes (98 GB) copied, 3223.76 s, 30.5 MB/s
```
正常には起動しなくなるため、grubから手動でUbuntuを起動する
- 以下の様に、grub consoleに落ちる
```
grub rescue> set
prefix=(hd0,3)/boot/grub
root=(hd0,3)
```
- Ubuntu で grub rescue -> grub-install を実行して grub を修復 - 新芽の手、ほんとの手
- 上記サイトに倣い、以下のようにしてGRUBメニューを起動する
```
set prefix=(hd0,2)/boot/grub
insmod (hd0,2)/boot/grub/normal.mod
normal
```
  - これで、以前のGRUB起動メニューが表示される
- 通常通り起動

grubを修復する

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Installation finished. No error reported.

sudo update-grub

Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-33-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-33-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-32-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-32-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-31-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-31-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done

GRUBメニュー修復完了

grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2

Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
Memory test (memtest86+)
Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)

適宜、Filesystemの伸張をする

df -h /

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              93G   33G   56G  37% /

sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2

resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/sda2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 6, new_desc_blocks = 7
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda2 to 29239024 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sda2 is now 29239024 blocks long.

df -h /

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             110G   33G   72G  32% /

Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory

linux - How do I chain boot from grub to syslinux? - Server Fault
- Know-How by romiz: Grub chainloads syslinux and back
  - Chainloading syslinux from GRUB seems not to be possible without a patch. I don't know about GRUB2. This could be useful for multi-booting (syslinux-based) partitions.
  - Chainloading GRUB4dos from syslinux is possible, because "grub.exe" can reside on the same FAT partition where syslinux is. Only an entry in "syslinux.cfg" with the "kernel /path_to/grub.exe" directive is needed

mitty@ubuntu64:~$ dpkg -S /usr/sbin/grub-install
```
grub-pc: /usr/sbin/grub-install
```
mitty@ubuntu64:~$ aptitude show grub-pc
```
Version: 1.98-1ubuntu12
```

fdisk, format USB flash memory

mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0b19ae9f.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (62-3932159, default 62):
Using default value 62
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62-3932159, default 3932159):
Using default value 3932159

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): b
Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2013 MB, 2013265920 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 3932160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0b19ae9f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              62     3932159     1966049    b  W95 FAT32
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.

format

install GRUB2

mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb
```
Installation finished. No error reported.
```
mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo umount /mnt/

copy iso, image files to USB memory

*-businesscard.isoは使えないので注意

E:\>tree /f /a

E:.
\---boot
    |   memtest.bin
    |   plpbt.bin
    |   fdboot.img
    |   fdos0138.img
    |   memdisk
    |   
    +---grub
    |   |   915resolution.mod

(snip)

    |   |   core.img
    |   |   grubenv
    |   |   grub.cfg
    |   |   
    |   \---locale

(snip)

    |           
    \---iso
            knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
            12.04-i386.iso
            10.04-i386.iso
            12.04-x86_64.iso
            10.04-x86_64.iso
            debian-squeeze-x86_64.iso
            debian-squeeze-i386.iso
            ubuntu-ja-12.04-desktop-i386.iso