wiki:TipAndDoc/boot/GRUB

Version 31 (modified by mitty, 13 years ago) (diff)

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  1. Kernel Boot Options
  2. reduce grub entry
  3. Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory
    1. fdisk, format USB flash memory
    2. install GRUB2
    3. copy iso, image files to USB memory
    4. edit grub.cfg
    5. references
      1. knoppix
      2. FreeDOS

Kernel Boot Options

reduce grub entry

  • WindowsとLinuxのマルチブート -> Windowsを消してシングルブート化
  1. 元の状態
    • fdisk -lu /dev/sda 
      Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x36ea3e05

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2          524352    42467392    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3        42467393   234441647    95987127+  83  Linux
    • OSのインストールは、Windows 7 -> Ubuntu 10.04の順
    • grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2 
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
Memory test (memtest86+)
Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)
  2. NTFSパーティションの削除
    • root@Microknoppix:~# fdisk /dev/sdb 
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1          33      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sdb2   *          33        2644    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb3            2644       14594    95987127+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 2

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 3

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (33-14593, default 33):
Using default value 33
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (33-14593, default 14593):
Using default value 14593

Command (m for help): w

         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sdb2          524352   234436544   116956096+  83  Linux
  3. backupしておいたdisk imageからLinuxパーティションを書き戻し
    • root@Microknoppix:~# dd if=/media/sda/bb.sda bs=512 skip=42467393 of=/dev/sdb2 
      191974255+0 records in
191974255+0 records out
98290818560 bytes (98 GB) copied, 3223.76 s, 30.5 MB/s
  4. 正常には起動しなくなるため、grubから手動でUbuntuを起動する
  5. grubを修復する
    • sudo grub-install /dev/sda 
      Installation finished. No error reported.
    • sudo update-grub 
      Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-33-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-33-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-32-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-32-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-31-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-31-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
  6. GRUBメニュー修復完了
    • grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2 
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
Memory test (memtest86+)
Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
  7. 適宜、Filesystemの伸張をする
    • df -h / 
      Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              93G   33G   56G  37% /
    • sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2 
      resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/sda2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 6, new_desc_blocks = 7
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda2 to 29239024 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sda2 is now 29239024 blocks long.
    • df -h / 
      Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             110G   33G   72G  32% /

Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ dpkg -S /usr/sbin/grub-install 
    grub-pc: /usr/sbin/grub-install
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ aptitude show grub-pc 
    Version: 1.98-1ubuntu12

fdisk, format USB flash memory

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdb 
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0b19ae9f.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (62-3932159, default 62):
Using default value 62
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62-3932159, default 3932159):
Using default value 3932159

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): b
Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2013 MB, 2013265920 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 3932160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0b19ae9f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1              62     3932159     1966049    b  W95 FAT32
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
  • format

install GRUB2

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb 
    Installation finished. No error reported.
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo umount /mnt/

copy iso, image files to USB memory

  • E:\>tree /f /a 
    E:.
\---boot
    |   memtest.plus
    |   plpbt.bin
    |   FDOS0138.IMG
    |   
    +---grub
    |   |   915resolution.mod

(snip)

    |   |   core.img
    |   |   grubenv
    |   |   grub.cfg
    |   |   
    |   \---locale

(snip)

    |           
    \---iso
            10.04-i386.iso
            10.04-x86_64.iso
            11.10-i386.iso
            11.10-x86_64.iso
            debian-6.0.3-amd64-businesscard.iso
            debian-6.0.3-i386-businesscard.iso
            fdbasecd.iso
            knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
    • iso, image files

edit grub.cfg

  • /boot/grub/grub.cfg 
    menuentry "KNOPPIX 6.7.1 CD JAPANESE (text mode)" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.4 i386 ...'
	linux (loop)/boot/isolinux/linux 3 bootfrom=/*/*/boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso ramdisk_size=100000 lang=ja vt.default_utf8=0 apm=power-off initrd=minirt.gz nomce libata.force=noncq hpsa.hpsa_allow_any=1 loglevel=1 tz=Asia/Tokyo
	echo 'Loading minirt.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz
}

menuentry "KNOPPIX 6.7.1 CD JAPANESE" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.4 i386 ...'
	linux (loop)/boot/isolinux/linux bootfrom=/*/*/boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso ramdisk_size=100000 lang=ja vt.default_utf8=0 apm=power-off initrd=minirt.gz nomce libata.force=noncq hpsa.hpsa_allow_any=1 loglevel=1 tz=Asia/Tokyo
	echo 'Loading minirt.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz
}

menuentry "memtest86+ 4.20" {
	linux16 /boot/memtest.plus
}

menuentry "Plop Boot Manager 5.0.13" {
	linux16 /boot/plpbt.bin
}

menuentry "Debian 6.0 (i386) installer" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/debian-6.0.3-i386-businesscard.iso
	echo 'Loading 2.6.32-5-486 ...'
	linux (loop)/install.386/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.386/initrd.gz
	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/install.386/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "Debian 6.0 (x86_64) installer" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/debian-6.0.3-amd64-businesscard.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...'
	linux (loop)/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz
	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/install.amd/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "Ubuntu 10.04 (i386) installer" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/10.04-i386.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic i386 ...'
	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "Ubuntu 10.04 (x86_64) installer" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/10.04-x86_64.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic x86_64 ...'
	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "Ubuntu 11.10 (i386) installer" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/11.10-i386.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i386 ...'
	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "Ubuntu 11.10 (x86_64) installer" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/11.10-x86_64.iso
	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic x86_64 ...'
	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "FreeDOS/V V01L38" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/fdbasecd.iso
	linux16 (loop)/isolinux/data/memdisk
	echo 'Loading fdos0138.img ...'
	initrd16 /boot/fdos0138.img
}

menuentry "FreeDOS 1.0 Final" {
	loopback loop /boot/iso/fdbasecd.iso
	linux16 (loop)/isolinux/data/memdisk
	echo 'Loading fdboot.img ...'
	initrd16 (loop)/isolinux/data/fdboot.img
}
  • GRUB2 bootmenu

references

knoppix

  • そのままでは正常に起動しない

  • bootfromオプションが必要

  • bootfrom=/*/*/boot/iso/knoppix... としているが、「/*/*」はちょっとアドホックなので、もっとスマートな方法を模索中

FreeDOS

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