wiki:TipAndDoc/boot/GRUB

Version 26 (modified by mitty, 12 years ago) (diff)

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Kernel Boot Options

reduce grub entry

  • WindowsとLinuxのマルチブート -> Windowsを消してシングルブート化
  1. 元の状態
    • fdisk -lu /dev/sda
      Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
      Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x36ea3e05
      
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
      /dev/sda1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sda2          524352    42467392    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
      /dev/sda3        42467393   234441647    95987127+  83  Linux
      
    • OSのインストールは、Windows 7 -> Ubuntu 10.04の順
    • grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
      Memory test (memtest86+)
      Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
      Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)
      
  2. NTFSパーティションの削除
    • root@Microknoppix:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
      /dev/sdb1               1          33      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sdb2   *          33        2644    20971520+   7  HPFS/NTFS
      /dev/sdb3            2644       14594    95987127+  83  Linux
      
      Command (m for help): d
      Partition number (1-4): 2
      
      Command (m for help): d
      Partition number (1-4): 3
      
      Command (m for help): n
      Command action
         e   extended
         p   primary partition (1-4)
      p
      Partition number (1-4): 2
      First cylinder (33-14593, default 33):
      Using default value 33
      Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (33-14593, default 14593):
      Using default value 14593
      
      Command (m for help): w
      
         Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
      /dev/sdb1              63      524351      262144+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sdb2          524352   234436544   116956096+  83  Linux
      
  3. backupしておいたdisk imageからLinuxパーティションを書き戻し
    • root@Microknoppix:~# dd if=/media/sda/bb.sda bs=512 skip=42467393 of=/dev/sdb2
      191974255+0 records in
      191974255+0 records out
      98290818560 bytes (98 GB) copied, 3223.76 s, 30.5 MB/s
      
  4. 正常には起動しなくなるため、grubから手動でUbuntuを起動する
  5. grubを修復する
    • sudo grub-install /dev/sda
      Installation finished. No error reported.
      
    • sudo update-grub
      Generating grub.cfg ...
      Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-33-generic
      Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-33-generic
      Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-32-generic
      Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-32-generic
      Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-31-generic
      Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-31-generic
      Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
      done
      
  6. GRUBメニュー修復完了
    • grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | tr \" \' | cut -d\' -f2
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-32-generic (recovery mode)
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic
      Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-31-generic (recovery mode)
      Memory test (memtest86+)
      Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)
      
  7. 適宜、Filesystemの伸張をする
    • df -h /
      Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
      /dev/sda2              93G   33G   56G  37% /
      
    • sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2
      resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
      Filesystem at /dev/sda2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
      old desc_blocks = 6, new_desc_blocks = 7
      Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda2 to 29239024 (4k) blocks.
      The filesystem on /dev/sda2 is now 29239024 blocks long.
      
    • df -h /
      Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
      /dev/sda2             110G   33G   72G  32% /
      

Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ dpkg -S /usr/sbin/grub-install
    grub-pc: /usr/sbin/grub-install
    
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ aptitude show grub-pc
    Version: 1.98-1ubuntu12
    

fdisk, format USB flash memory

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0b19ae9f.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c').
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First sector (62-3932159, default 62):
    Using default value 62
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62-3932159, default 3932159):
    Using default value 3932159
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Selected partition 1
    Hex code (type L to list codes): b
    Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 2013 MB, 2013265920 bytes
    62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 3932160 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x0b19ae9f
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1              62     3932159     1966049    b  W95 FAT32
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    
    WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
    partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
    information.
    Syncing disks.
    
  • format

install GRUB2

  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb
    Installation finished. No error reported.
    
  • mitty@ubuntu64:~$ sudo umount /mnt/

copy iso, image files to USB memory

  • E:\>tree /f /a
    E:.
    \---boot
        |   memtest.plus
        |   plpbt.bin
        |   FDOS0138.IMG
        |   
        +---grub
        |   |   915resolution.mod
    
    (snip)
    
        |   |   core.img
        |   |   grubenv
        |   |   grub.cfg
        |   |   
        |   \---locale
    
    (snip)
    
        |           
        \---iso
                10.04-i386.iso
                10.04-x86_64.iso
                11.10-i386.iso
                11.10-x86_64.iso
                debian-6.0.3-amd64-businesscard.iso
                debian-6.0.3-i386-businesscard.iso
                fdbasecd.iso
                knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
    
    • iso, image files

edit grub.cfg

  • /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    menuentry "KNOPPIX 6.7.1 CD JAPANESE (text mode)" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.4 i386 ...'
    	linux (loop)/boot/isolinux/linux 3 bootfrom=/*/*/boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso ramdisk_size=100000 lang=ja vt.default_utf8=0 apm=power-off initrd=minirt.gz nomce libata.force=noncq hpsa.hpsa_allow_any=1 loglevel=1 tz=Asia/Tokyo
    	echo 'Loading minirt.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "KNOPPIX 6.7.1 CD JAPANESE" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.4 i386 ...'
    	linux (loop)/boot/isolinux/linux bootfrom=/*/*/boot/iso/knoppix_v6.7.1CD_20110914-20111018.iso ramdisk_size=100000 lang=ja vt.default_utf8=0 apm=power-off initrd=minirt.gz nomce libata.force=noncq hpsa.hpsa_allow_any=1 loglevel=1 tz=Asia/Tokyo
    	echo 'Loading minirt.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "memtest86+ 4.20" {
    	linux16 /boot/memtest.plus
    }
    
    menuentry "Plop Boot Manager 5.0.13" {
    	linux16 /boot/plpbt.bin
    }
    
    menuentry "Debian 6.0 (i386) installer" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/debian-6.0.3-i386-businesscard.iso
    	echo 'Loading 2.6.32-5-486 ...'
    	linux (loop)/install.386/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.386/initrd.gz
    	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/install.386/initrd.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "Debian 6.0 (x86_64) installer" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/debian-6.0.3-amd64-businesscard.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...'
    	linux (loop)/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz
    	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/install.amd/initrd.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "Ubuntu 10.04 (i386) installer" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/10.04-i386.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic i386 ...'
    	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
    	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "Ubuntu 10.04 (x86_64) installer" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/10.04-x86_64.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic x86_64 ...'
    	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
    	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "Ubuntu 11.10 (i386) installer" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/11.10-i386.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic i386 ...'
    	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
    	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "Ubuntu 11.10 (x86_64) installer" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/11.10-x86_64.iso
    	echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic x86_64 ...'
    	linux (loop)/linux vga=normal initrd=initrd.gz
    	echo 'Loading initrd.gz ...'
    	initrd (loop)/initrd.gz
    }
    
    menuentry "FreeDOS/V V01L38" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/fdbasecd.iso
    	linux16 (loop)/isolinux/data/memdisk
    	echo 'Loading fdos0138.img ...'
    	initrd16 /boot/fdos0138.img
    }
    
    menuentry "FreeDOS 1.0 Final" {
    	loopback loop /boot/iso/fdbasecd.iso
    	linux16 (loop)/isolinux/data/memdisk
    	echo 'Loading fdboot.img ...'
    	initrd16 (loop)/isolinux/data/fdboot.img
    }
    
  • GRUB2 bootmenu

references

knoppix

  • そのままでは正常に起動しない

  • bootfromオプションが必要

FreeDOS

Multi CD iso boot with USB flash memory

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