wiki:TipAndDoc/VM/network/route

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Version 4 (modified by mitty, 15 years ago) (diff)
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static route
centos-inner
1. 失敗例
2. 正しい設定
  1. 結果
  2. 不十分な点
centos-outer
static route + IP MASQUERADE
1. DNS

static route

see also wiki:TipAndDoc/network/iproute

../ のネットワークを使用

centos-inner

see ping

10.0.0.0/16に対するルートを設定するだけでよい

失敗例

GWを指定しない例

centos-inner ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 dev eth1

centos-inner ~]$ route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.50.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
10.2.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth2
10.0.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
10.1.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth2
default         192.168.50.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

centos-inner ~]$ ping 10.0.0.10 -c 1

PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 10.1.0.110 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

--- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

ルート削除
- centos-inner ~]$ sudo route del -net 10.0.0.0/16 dev eth1

正しい設定

GWを指定

centos-inner ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 10.1.0.254 dev eth1

centos-inner ~]$ route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.50.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
10.2.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth2
10.0.0.0        10.1.0.254      255.255.0.0     UG    0      0        0 eth1
10.1.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth2
default         192.168.50.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

centos-inner ~]$ ip route

192.168.50.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.50.110
10.2.0.0/16 dev eth2  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.2.0.110
10.0.0.0/16 via 10.1.0.254 dev eth1
10.1.0.0/16 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.1.0.110
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth2  scope link
default via 192.168.50.1 dev eth0

同じ作用を持つコマンド例
- sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 10.1.0.254
- sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.1.0.254
- sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/16 via 10.1.0.254
  - => wiki:TipAndDoc/network/iproute

結果

centos-inner ~]$ ping 10.0.0.10 -c 1

PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=7.59 ms

--- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.595/7.595/7.595/0.000 ms

centos-inner:eth1

23:30:59.173104 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64
23:30:59.177896 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth1

23:30:59.228193 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64
23:30:59.231724 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth0

23:30:59.229467 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64
23:30:59.231524 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-outer:eth1

23:30:59.230167 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64
23:30:59.230345 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64

不十分な点

パケットの往路と復路が異なったまま
- see also ping
- iprouteでruleを設定しないと解決できない => iproute

ubuntu-outer <=(router)=> centos-inner

パケット経路
1. ubuntu-outer:eth1
2. router:eth0
3. router:eth2
4. centos-inner:eth2
5. centos-inner:eth1
6. router:eth1
7. router:eth0
8. ubuntu-outer:eth1

ubuntu-outer:~$ ping 10.2.0.110 -c 1

PING 10.2.0.110 (10.2.0.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.2.0.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=3.79 ms

--- 10.2.0.110 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.792/3.792/3.792/0.000 ms

ubuntu-outer:eth1

03:31:52.084210 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64
03:31:52.087987 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth0

03:31:52.086225 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64
03:31:52.088104 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth2

03:31:52.086987 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64

centos-inner:eth2

03:31:51.922144 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64

centos-inner:eth1

03:31:51.924352 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth1

03:31:52.088093 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64

centos-outer

上記のようにcentos-inner側のみ設定しても、centos-outerのGW設定が正しくないので通信できない
- centos-inner -> 10.0.0.20(centos-outer)
  - 100% packet loss

centos-outer ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.1.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.0.0.254

centos-outer ~]$ route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.40.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
10.0.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
10.1.0.0        10.0.0.254      255.255.0.0     UG    0      0        0 eth1
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
default         192.168.40.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

centos-inner ~]$ ping 10.0.0.20 -c 1

PING 10.0.0.20 (10.0.0.20) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=11.2 ms

--- 10.0.0.20 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 11.297/11.297/11.297/0.000 ms

centos-inner:eth1

02:37:22.195583 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64
02:37:22.201576 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth1

02:37:22.301243 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64
02:37:22.310362 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64

ubuntu-router:eth0

02:37:22.304480 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64
02:37:22.310159 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64

centos-outer:eth1

02:37:22.012423 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64
02:37:22.013349 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64

同様に、10.2.0.0/16側のルート設定も必要

ubuntu-inner-AB:~$ ping 10.0.0.20 -c 1 => loss

centos-outer:eth1

02:41:53.171490 IP 10.2.0.30 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 9759, seq 1, length 64

centos-outer:eth0

02:41:53.172303 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.2.0.30: ICMP echo reply, id 9759, seq 1, length 64

centos-outer ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.2.0.0/16 gw 10.0.0.254

centos-outer ~]$ route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.40.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
10.2.0.0        10.0.0.254      255.255.0.0     UG    0      0        0 eth1
10.0.0.0        *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
10.1.0.0        10.0.0.254      255.255.0.0     UG    0      0        0 eth1
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1
default         192.168.40.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

centos-outer ~]$ ip route

192.168.40.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.40.20
10.2.0.0/16 via 10.0.0.254 dev eth1
10.0.0.0/16 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.20
10.1.0.0/16 via 10.0.0.254 dev eth1
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1  scope link
default via 192.168.40.1 dev eth0

これで正常に通信できるようになる

static route + IP MASQUERADE

see also masquerade

centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

これでWANと通信できるようになる

ubuntu-inner-AB:~$ ping 202.12.27.33 -c 1

PING 202.12.27.33 (202.12.27.33) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 202.12.27.33: icmp_seq=1 ttl=238 time=16.5 ms

--- 202.12.27.33 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 16.543/16.543/16.543/0.000 ms

DNS

/etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 130.158.XY.ZZ5
nameserver 130.158.XY.ZZ6

何故か名前解決できない

ubuntu-router:~$ ping www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp -c 1

ping: unknown host www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp

ubuntu-router:eth0

03:00:02.915007 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ5 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77
03:00:02.918149 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77
03:00:02.920515 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ5 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77
03:00:02.922796 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77
03:00:02.925276 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ5 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77
03:00:02.928189 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77
03:00:07.924515 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77

centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -L

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere
ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere            icmp any
ACCEPT     esp  --  anywhere             anywhere
ACCEPT     ah   --  anywhere             anywhere
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             224.0.0.251         udp dpt:mdns
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            udp dpt:ipp
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:ipp
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ssh
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

おそらくreject-with icmp-host-prohibitedがネックなのだが、とりあえずfilterをflushして対応(FW無効と同義なので注意)

centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -F

centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -L

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (0 references)
target     prot opt source               destination

これで名前解決も出来るようになった

ubuntu-inner-BB:~$ host M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET has address 202.12.27.33
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET has IPv6 address 2001:dc3::35

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