| | 1 | [[PageOutline]] |
| | 2 | |
| | 3 | = static route = |
| | 4 | * see also wiki:TipAndDoc/network/iproute |
| | 5 | |
| | 6 | * wiki:TipAndDoc/network/vmtest#networkmap のネットワークを使用 |
| | 7 | |
| | 8 | = centos-inner = |
| | 9 | * see wiki:TipAndDoc/network/vmtest/ping#centos-inner-ubuntu-outer |
| | 10 | |
| | 11 | * 10.0.0.0/16に対するルートを設定するだけでよい |
| | 12 | |
| | 13 | == 失敗例 == |
| | 14 | * GWを指定しない例 |
| | 15 | |
| | 16 | * centos-inner ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 dev eth1 |
| | 17 | * centos-inner ~]$ route |
| | 18 | {{{ |
| | 19 | Kernel IP routing table |
| | 20 | Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface |
| | 21 | 192.168.50.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 22 | 10.2.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 |
| | 23 | 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 24 | 10.1.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 25 | 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 |
| | 26 | default 192.168.50.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 27 | }}} |
| | 28 | * centos-inner ~]$ ping 10.0.0.10 -c 1 |
| | 29 | {{{ |
| | 30 | PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data. |
| | 31 | From 10.1.0.110 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable |
| | 32 | |
| | 33 | --- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics --- |
| | 34 | 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms |
| | 35 | }}} |
| | 36 | |
| | 37 | * ルート削除 |
| | 38 | * centos-inner ~]$ sudo route del -net 10.0.0.0/16 dev eth1 |
| | 39 | |
| | 40 | == 正しい設定 == |
| | 41 | * GWを指定 |
| | 42 | |
| | 43 | * centos-inner ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 10.1.0.254 dev eth1 |
| | 44 | * centos-inner ~]$ route |
| | 45 | {{{ |
| | 46 | Kernel IP routing table |
| | 47 | Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface |
| | 48 | 192.168.50.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 49 | 10.2.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 |
| | 50 | 10.0.0.0 10.1.0.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 51 | 10.1.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 52 | 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 |
| | 53 | default 192.168.50.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 54 | }}} |
| | 55 | * centos-inner ~]$ ip route |
| | 56 | {{{ |
| | 57 | 192.168.50.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.50.110 |
| | 58 | 10.2.0.0/16 dev eth2 proto kernel scope link src 10.2.0.110 |
| | 59 | 10.0.0.0/16 via 10.1.0.254 dev eth1 |
| | 60 | 10.1.0.0/16 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.0.110 |
| | 61 | 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth2 scope link |
| | 62 | default via 192.168.50.1 dev eth0 |
| | 63 | }}} |
| | 64 | |
| | 65 | * 同じ作用を持つコマンド例 |
| | 66 | * sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 10.1.0.254 |
| | 67 | * sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.1.0.254 |
| | 68 | * sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/16 via 10.1.0.254 |
| | 69 | * => wiki:TipAndDoc/network/iproute |
| | 70 | |
| | 71 | === 結果 === |
| | 72 | * centos-inner ~]$ ping 10.0.0.10 -c 1 |
| | 73 | {{{ |
| | 74 | PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data. |
| | 75 | 64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=7.59 ms |
| | 76 | |
| | 77 | --- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics --- |
| | 78 | 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms |
| | 79 | rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.595/7.595/7.595/0.000 ms |
| | 80 | }}} |
| | 81 | 1. centos-inner:eth1 |
| | 82 | {{{ |
| | 83 | 23:30:59.173104 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 84 | 23:30:59.177896 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 85 | }}} |
| | 86 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth1 |
| | 87 | {{{ |
| | 88 | 23:30:59.228193 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 89 | 23:30:59.231724 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 90 | }}} |
| | 91 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth0 |
| | 92 | {{{ |
| | 93 | 23:30:59.229467 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 94 | 23:30:59.231524 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 95 | }}} |
| | 96 | 1. ubuntu-outer:eth1 |
| | 97 | {{{ |
| | 98 | 23:30:59.230167 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo request, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 99 | 23:30:59.230345 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36879, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 100 | }}} |
| | 101 | |
| | 102 | === 不十分な点 === |
| | 103 | * パケットの往路と復路が異なったまま |
| | 104 | * see also wiki:TipAndDoc/network/vmtest/ping#ubuntu-outerrouterubuntu-inner-AB |
| | 105 | * iprouteでruleを設定しないと解決できない |
| | 106 | |
| | 107 | * ubuntu-outer <=(router)=> centos-inner |
| | 108 | |
| | 109 | * パケット経路 |
| | 110 | 1. ubuntu-outer:eth1 |
| | 111 | 1. router:eth0 |
| | 112 | 1. router:eth2 |
| | 113 | 1. centos-inner:eth2 |
| | 114 | 1. centos-inner:eth1 |
| | 115 | 1. router:eth1 |
| | 116 | 1. router:eth0 |
| | 117 | 1. ubuntu-outer:eth1 |
| | 118 | |
| | 119 | * ubuntu-outer:~$ ping 10.2.0.110 -c 1 |
| | 120 | {{{ |
| | 121 | PING 10.2.0.110 (10.2.0.110) 56(84) bytes of data. |
| | 122 | 64 bytes from 10.2.0.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=3.79 ms |
| | 123 | |
| | 124 | --- 10.2.0.110 ping statistics --- |
| | 125 | 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms |
| | 126 | rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.792/3.792/3.792/0.000 ms |
| | 127 | }}} |
| | 128 | 1. ubuntu-outer:eth1 |
| | 129 | {{{ |
| | 130 | 03:31:52.084210 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 131 | 03:31:52.087987 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 132 | }}} |
| | 133 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth0 |
| | 134 | {{{ |
| | 135 | 03:31:52.086225 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 136 | 03:31:52.088104 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 137 | }}} |
| | 138 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth2 |
| | 139 | {{{ |
| | 140 | 03:31:52.086987 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 141 | }}} |
| | 142 | 1. centos-inner:eth2 |
| | 143 | {{{ |
| | 144 | 03:31:51.922144 IP 10.0.0.10 > 10.2.0.110: ICMP echo request, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 145 | }}} |
| | 146 | 1. centos-inner:eth1 |
| | 147 | {{{ |
| | 148 | 03:31:51.924352 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 149 | }}} |
| | 150 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth1 |
| | 151 | {{{ |
| | 152 | 03:31:52.088093 IP 10.2.0.110 > 10.0.0.10: ICMP echo reply, id 14881, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 153 | }}} |
| | 154 | |
| | 155 | = centos-outer = |
| | 156 | * 上記のようにcentos-inner側のみ設定しても、centos-outerのGW設定が正しくないので通信できない |
| | 157 | * centos-inner -> 10.0.0.20(centos-outer) |
| | 158 | * 100% packet loss |
| | 159 | |
| | 160 | * centos-outer ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.1.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.0.0.254 |
| | 161 | * centos-outer ~]$ route |
| | 162 | {{{ |
| | 163 | Kernel IP routing table |
| | 164 | Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface |
| | 165 | 192.168.40.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 166 | 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 167 | 10.1.0.0 10.0.0.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 168 | 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 169 | default 192.168.40.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 170 | }}} |
| | 171 | * centos-inner ~]$ ping 10.0.0.20 -c 1 |
| | 172 | {{{ |
| | 173 | PING 10.0.0.20 (10.0.0.20) 56(84) bytes of data. |
| | 174 | 64 bytes from 10.0.0.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=11.2 ms |
| | 175 | |
| | 176 | --- 10.0.0.20 ping statistics --- |
| | 177 | 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms |
| | 178 | rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 11.297/11.297/11.297/0.000 ms |
| | 179 | }}} |
| | 180 | 1. centos-inner:eth1 |
| | 181 | {{{ |
| | 182 | 02:37:22.195583 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 183 | 02:37:22.201576 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 184 | }}} |
| | 185 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth1 |
| | 186 | {{{ |
| | 187 | 02:37:22.301243 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 188 | 02:37:22.310362 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 189 | }}} |
| | 190 | 1. ubuntu-router:eth0 |
| | 191 | {{{ |
| | 192 | 02:37:22.304480 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 193 | 02:37:22.310159 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 194 | }}} |
| | 195 | 1. centos-outer:eth1 |
| | 196 | {{{ |
| | 197 | 02:37:22.012423 IP 10.1.0.110 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 198 | 02:37:22.013349 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.1.0.110: ICMP echo reply, id 36626, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 199 | }}} |
| | 200 | |
| | 201 | * 同様に、10.2.0.0/16側のルート設定も必要 |
| | 202 | * ubuntu-inner-AB:~$ ping 10.0.0.20 -c 1 => loss |
| | 203 | 1. centos-outer:eth1 |
| | 204 | {{{ |
| | 205 | 02:41:53.171490 IP 10.2.0.30 > 10.0.0.20: ICMP echo request, id 9759, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 206 | }}} |
| | 207 | 1. centos-outer:eth0 |
| | 208 | {{{ |
| | 209 | 02:41:53.172303 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.2.0.30: ICMP echo reply, id 9759, seq 1, length 64 |
| | 210 | }}} |
| | 211 | * centos-outer ~]$ sudo route add -net 10.2.0.0/16 gw 10.0.0.254 |
| | 212 | * centos-outer ~]$ route |
| | 213 | {{{ |
| | 214 | Kernel IP routing table |
| | 215 | Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface |
| | 216 | 192.168.40.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 217 | 10.2.0.0 10.0.0.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 218 | 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 219 | 10.1.0.0 10.0.0.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 220 | 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 |
| | 221 | default 192.168.40.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 |
| | 222 | }}} |
| | 223 | * centos-outer ~]$ ip route |
| | 224 | {{{ |
| | 225 | 192.168.40.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.40.20 |
| | 226 | 10.2.0.0/16 via 10.0.0.254 dev eth1 |
| | 227 | 10.0.0.0/16 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.20 |
| | 228 | 10.1.0.0/16 via 10.0.0.254 dev eth1 |
| | 229 | 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link |
| | 230 | default via 192.168.40.1 dev eth0 |
| | 231 | }}} |
| | 232 | * これで正常に通信できるようになる |
| | 233 | |
| | 234 | = static route + IP MASQUERADE = |
| | 235 | * see also wiki:TipAndDoc/network/vmtest/masquerade#needroute |
| | 236 | |
| | 237 | * centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE |
| | 238 | * これでWANと通信できるようになる |
| | 239 | * ubuntu-inner-AB:~$ ping 202.12.27.33 -c 1 |
| | 240 | {{{ |
| | 241 | PING 202.12.27.33 (202.12.27.33) 56(84) bytes of data. |
| | 242 | 64 bytes from 202.12.27.33: icmp_seq=1 ttl=238 time=16.5 ms |
| | 243 | |
| | 244 | --- 202.12.27.33 ping statistics --- |
| | 245 | 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms |
| | 246 | rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 16.543/16.543/16.543/0.000 ms |
| | 247 | }}} |
| | 248 | |
| | 249 | == DNS == |
| | 250 | * /etc/resolv.conf |
| | 251 | {{{ |
| | 252 | nameserver 130.158.XY.ZZ5 |
| | 253 | nameserver 130.158.XY.ZZ6 |
| | 254 | }}} |
| | 255 | |
| | 256 | * 何故か名前解決できない |
| | 257 | * ubuntu-router:~$ ping www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp -c 1 |
| | 258 | {{{ |
| | 259 | ping: unknown host www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp |
| | 260 | }}} |
| | 261 | * ubuntu-router:eth0 |
| | 262 | {{{ |
| | 263 | 03:00:02.915007 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ5 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 264 | 03:00:02.918149 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 265 | 03:00:02.920515 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ5 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 266 | 03:00:02.922796 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 267 | 03:00:02.925276 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ5 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 268 | 03:00:02.928189 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 269 | 03:00:07.924515 IP 10.0.0.20 > 10.0.0.254: ICMP host 130.158.XY.ZZ6 unreachable - admin prohibited, length 77 |
| | 270 | }}} |
| | 271 | * centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -L |
| | 272 | {{{ |
| | 273 | Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) |
| | 274 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 275 | RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- anywhere anywhere |
| | 276 | |
| | 277 | Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) |
| | 278 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 279 | RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- anywhere anywhere |
| | 280 | |
| | 281 | Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) |
| | 282 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 283 | |
| | 284 | Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) |
| | 285 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 286 | ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere |
| | 287 | ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp any |
| | 288 | ACCEPT esp -- anywhere anywhere |
| | 289 | ACCEPT ah -- anywhere anywhere |
| | 290 | ACCEPT udp -- anywhere 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:mdns |
| | 291 | ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:ipp |
| | 292 | ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ipp |
| | 293 | ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED |
| | 294 | ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh |
| | 295 | REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited |
| | 296 | }}} |
| | 297 | * おそらくreject-with icmp-host-prohibitedがネックなのだが、とりあえずfilterをflushして対応(FW無効と同義なので注意) |
| | 298 | * centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -F |
| | 299 | * centos-outer ~]$ sudo iptables -L |
| | 300 | {{{ |
| | 301 | Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) |
| | 302 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 303 | |
| | 304 | Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) |
| | 305 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 306 | |
| | 307 | Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) |
| | 308 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 309 | |
| | 310 | Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (0 references) |
| | 311 | target prot opt source destination |
| | 312 | }}} |
| | 313 | * これで名前解決も出来るようになった |
| | 314 | * ubuntu-inner-BB:~$ host M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. |
| | 315 | {{{ |
| | 316 | M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET has address 202.12.27.33 |
| | 317 | M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET has IPv6 address 2001:dc3::35 |
| | 318 | }}} |