wiki:TipAndDoc/Linux/LXC

Version 16 (modified by mitty, 12 years ago) (diff)

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  • LinuX Container
  • mitty@precise:~$ lxc-create -t ubuntu -h
    usage: lxc-create -n <name> [-f configuration] [-t template] [-h] -- [template_options]
    usage: lxc-create -n <name> [-f configuration] [-t template] [-h] [fsopts] -- [template_options]
       fsopts: -B none
       fsopts: -B lvm [--lvname lvname] [--vgname vgname] [--fstype fstype] [--fssize fssize]
       fsopts: -B btrfs
               flag is not necessary, if possible btrfs support will be used
    
    creates a lxc system object.
    
    Options:
    name         : name of the container
    configuration: lxc configuration
    template     : lxc-template is an accessible template script
    
    The container backing store can be altered using '-B'.  By default it
    is 'none', which is a simple directory tree under /var/lib/lxc/<name>/rootfs
    Otherwise, the following option values may be relevant:
    lvname       : [for -lvm] name of lv in which to create lv,
                    container-name by default
    vgname       : [for -lvm] name of vg in which to create lv, 'lxc' by default
    fstype       : name of filesystem to create, ext4 by default
    fssize       : size of filesystem to create, 1G by default
    
    template-specific help follows: (these options follow '--')
    /usr/lib/lxc/templates/lxc-ubuntu -h|--help [-a|--arch] [-b|--bindhome <user>] [--trim] [-d|--debug]
       [-F | --flush-cache] [-r|--release <release>] [ -S | --auth-key <keyfile>]
    release: the ubuntu release (e.g. precise): defaults to host release on ubuntu, otherwise uses latest LTS
    trim: make a minimal (faster, but not upgrade-safe) container
    bindhome: bind <user>'s home into the container
              The ubuntu user will not be created, and <user> will have
              sudo access.
    arch: the container architecture (e.g. amd64): defaults to host arch
    auth-key: SSH Public key file to inject into container
    

Ubuntu 12.04

  • mitty@precise:~$ sudo aptitude install lxc
    The following NEW packages will be installed:
      bridge-utils{a} cgroup-lite{a} cloud-utils{a} debootstrap{a}
      dnsmasq-base{a} euca2ools{a} libapparmor1{a} libcap2-bin{a} libgmp10{a}
      libnetfilter-conntrack3{a} libpam-cap{a} libyaml-0-2{a} lxc
      python-boto{a} python-crypto{a} python-m2crypto{a} python-paramiko{a}
      python-yaml{a}
    0 packages upgraded, 18 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    Need to get 2,873 kB of archives. After unpacking 16.1 MB will be used.
    

lxcbr0

  • mitty@precise:~$ ifconfig lxcbr0
    lxcbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 12:5e:23:12:4a:0f
              inet addr:10.0.3.1  Bcast:10.0.3.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::105e:23ff:fe12:4a0f/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:554 (554.0 B)
    
    • /etc/default/lxc
      USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
      
      
      LXC_BRIDGE="lxcbr0"
      LXC_ADDR="10.0.3.1"
      LXC_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
      LXC_NETWORK="10.0.3.0/24"
      LXC_DHCP_RANGE="10.0.3.2,10.0.3.254"
      LXC_DHCP_MAX="253"
      
    • /etc/lxc/lxc.conf
      lxc.network.type=veth
      lxc.network.link=lxcbr0
      lxc.network.flags=up
      
    • /etc/dnsmasq.d/lxc
      bind-interfaces
      except-interface=lxcbr0
      
  • /etc/init/lxc-net.conf も参考になる

USE_LXC_BRIDGE="false"

  • 手動でLXCコンテナのNAT設定を行う
  • eth0 -> br0にブリッジされていて、KVMで使用
    • LXCとKVMの共存のテスト

ip forwarding

  • mitty@precise:~$ cat /etc/sysctl.d/60-ip_forward.conf
    net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
    net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
    
  • mitty@precise:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
    # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
    # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
    
    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    
    # The primary network interface
    auto eth0
    iface eth0 inet manual
    
    auto br0
    iface br0 inet dhcp
    	bridge_ports eth0 eth0
    	bridge_maxwait 0
    
    auto lxcbr0
    iface lxcbr0 inet static
    	bridge_ports none
    	bridge_maxwait 0
    	address 10.0.0.254
    	netmask 255.255.255.0
    	post-up iptables -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -t nat -j MASQUERADE
    	pre-down iptables -D POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -t nat -j MASQUERADE
    

change apt repository mirror and disable auto start lxcbr0

  • デフォルトのミラーが遅いので、ftp.tsukubaに変更
  • lxcの起動スクリプトによるlxcbr0の作成を抑制
  • mitty@precise:~$ cat /etc/default/lxc
    MIRROR="http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/Linux/ubuntu"
    
    USE_LXC_BRIDGE="false"
    

host settings

  • mitty@precise:~$ ifconfig -a
    br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:bc:53:bc
              inet addr:192.168.10.172  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:febc:53bc/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:1340 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:948 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:116870 (116.8 KB)  TX bytes:111171 (111.1 KB)
    
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:bc:53:bc
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:1400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:945 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
              RX bytes:150975 (150.9 KB)  TX bytes:110725 (110.7 KB)
    
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
              RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
    
    lxcbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 4a:5a:12:a4:0a:ac
              inet addr:10.0.0.254  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::485a:12ff:fea4:aac/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:408 (408.0 B)
    
  • mitty@precise:~$ ip route
    default via 192.168.10.254 dev br0  metric 100
    10.0.0.0/24 dev lxcbr0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.254
    192.168.10.0/24 dev br0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.10.172
    
  • mitty@precise:~$ brctl show
    bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
    br0             8000.525400bc53bc       no              eth0
    lxcbr0          8000.000000000000       no
    

iptables on host

  • mitty@precise:~$ sudo iptables -L -t nat -vx
    Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 30 packets, 10827 bytes)
        pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
    
    Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 4 packets, 323 bytes)
        pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
    
    Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 83 packets, 5999 bytes)
        pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
    
    Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 83 packets, 5999 bytes)
        pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
           0        0 MASQUERADE  all  --  any    any     10.0.0.0/24          anywhere
    
  • MASQUERADEが正しく設定されている

make LXC container with ubuntu template

  • mitty@precise:~$ sudo lxc-create -t ubuntu -n lxc-test
    No config file specified, using the default config
    debootstrap is /usr/sbin/debootstrap
    Checking cache download in /var/cache/lxc/precise/rootfs-amd64 ...
    installing packages: vim,ssh
    Downloading ubuntu precise minimal ...
    I: Retrieving Release
    I: Retrieving Release.gpg
    I: Checking Release signature
    
    ....
    
    I: Checking component main on http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/Linux/ubuntu...
    
    ....
    
    Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ...
    Download complete
    Copy /var/cache/lxc/precise/rootfs-amd64 to /var/lib/lxc/lxc-test/rootfs ...
    Copying rootfs to /var/lib/lxc/lxc-test/rootfs ...
    
    ##
    # The default user is 'ubuntu' with password 'ubuntu'!
    # Use the 'sudo' command to run tasks as root in the container.
    ##
    
    'ubuntu' template installed
    'lxc-test' created
    

set container IP with LXC/config

  • LXCコンテナのconfigファイルからIPアドレスを指定する
  • 結論としては、デフォルトゲートウェイなどを設定できないので、不便
  • mitty@precise:~$ sudo vim /var/lib/lxc/lxc-test/config
    lxc.network.ipv4 = 10.0.0.10/24
    
  • mitty@precise:~$ sudo lxc-start -n lxc-test -d
  • mitty@precise:~$ ping 10.0.0.10 -c 1
    PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
    
    --- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics ---
    1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.060/0.060/0.060/0.000 ms
    
  • mitty@precise:~$ ssh 10.0.0.10 -l ubuntu
    • ubuntu@lxc-test:~$ ifconfig
      eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:3e:ba:3e:ef
                inet addr:10.0.0.10  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
      
    • ubuntu@lxc-test:~$ ip route
      10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.10
      
    • ubuntu@lxc-test:~$ ping 8.8.8.8
      connect: Network is unreachable
      

set container IP with interfaces

  • ホストOS上から、あらかじめコンテナのinterfacesファイルを設定して、起動する
  • 間違いが無く、かつ楽そう
  • mitty@precise:~$ sudo vim /var/lib/lxc/lxc-test/rootfs/etc/network/interfaces
    auto eth0
    iface eth0 inet static
    	address 10.0.0.1
    	netmask 255.255.255.0
    	gateway 10.0.0.254
    
  • mitty@precise:~$ ssh 10.0.0.1 -l ubuntu
    • ubuntu@lxc-test:~$ ifconfig
      eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:3e:ba:3e:ef
                inet addr:10.0.0.1  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
      
    • ubuntu@lxc-test:~$ ip route
      default via 10.0.0.254 dev eth0  metric 100
      10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.1
      
    • ubuntu@lxc-test:~$ ping 8.8.8.8 -c 1
      PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
      64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_req=1 ttl=52 time=7.66 ms
      
      --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
      1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
      rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.667/7.667/7.667/0.000 ms
      

two NICs in one container

example

  • 通常のbridge(veth)ではなくmacvlanであるが、vethでも同じはず
  • /var/lib/lxc/test/config
    lxc.network.type=macvlan
    lxc.network.macvlan.mode=bridge
    lxc.network.link=em1
    lxc.network.flags=up
    lxc.network.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:85:2e:da
    lxc.network.type=macvlan
    lxc.network.macvlan.mode=bridge
    lxc.network.link=em1
    lxc.network.flags=up
    lxc.network.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:85:2e:db
    
  • mitty@test:~$ ifconfig -a | egrep 'addr|Link'
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:3e:85:2e:da
              inet addr:192.168.83.207  Bcast:192.168.83.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe85:2eda/64 Scope:Link
    eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:3e:85:2e:db
              inet addr:192.168.83.212  Bcast:192.168.83.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe85:2edb/64 Scope:Link
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
    
  • mitty@test:~$ ip route
    default via 192.168.83.243 dev eth0
    192.168.83.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.83.207
    192.168.83.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.83.212
    

mount bind

  • /var/lib/lxc/>container name>/fstab を用いて、ホストの特定ディレクトリ以下をゲストにbind出来る
  • fstab
    /media mnt none bind 0 0
    
    • host:/media -> guest:/mnt とマウントされる
    • mntに「/」が無いことに注意
    • mitty@lxc:~$ mount
      /dev/disk/by-uuid/XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX on /mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered)
      
    • mitty@lxc:~$ ls -l /mnt/
      total 0
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 23 22:01 host-media
      
  1. mitty@lxc:~$ sudo rm /mnt/host-media
    removed `/mnt/host-media'
    
  2. mitty@host:~$ ls -l /media/host-media
    ls: cannot access /media/host-media: No such file or directory
    

read-only bind

  • fstab
    /media mnt none bind,ro 0 0
    
  • mountコマンドの出力結果は「(rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered)」で変わらないが、read-only化される
  • mitty@lxc:~$ sudo rm /mnt/host-media
    rm: cannot remove `/mnt/host-media': Read-only file system
    

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